Impact of OpenAI(ChatGPT)in Education and it's Limitations in 2023

 GENERATIVE AI , EDUCATION IN 2023

 Impact of OpenAI(ChatGPT) in Education and it's Limitations,Use Cases, Benefits & Challenges in 2023

What is ChatGPT?

ChatGPT is a large language model (LLM) developed by OpenAI. It introduced ChatGPT on November 30, 2022. Since its initial release, the language model has stormed the interne It is based on the GPT-3 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) architecture and is trained to generate human-like text. LLM is a machine learning model focused on natural language processing (NLP). The model is pre-trained on a massive dataset of text, and then fine-tuned on specific tasks such as: 

• Language translation
• Text summarization
• Code debugging
• Question answering, etc.

Because it is pre-trained, it can generate text that is more natural and fluent than models that are only fine-tuned on a specific task.The language model has a high degree of accuracy,that appear and respond human-like behaviour.Figure 1. Metrics comparing the success of ChatGPT compared to other tech products

Source: Chartr

ChatGPT pricing vs free version:

• Free version:

OpenAI states that during the research review, it is and will remain to be free.2 You can try it at chat.openai.com.

• Paid version for professionals said by co-founder:

However, the co-founder of OpenAI, Greg Brockman declared in his twitter account that they are working on a paid and advanced version of ChatGPT for professionals.

How was ChatGPT trained ?

GPT 3.5, a version of GPT-3 and the language model behind the ChatGPT, was trained on an Azure AI supercomputing infrastructure.ChatGPT was modified and improved using both supervised and reinforcement learning methods, with the assistance of human trainers. The learning includes 3 steps (see Figure 2):

1. Supervised learning: First, the model was given examples of conversations where humans played both the role of the user and the AI assistant. 
2. Reinforcement learning: Later, human trainers evaluated the responses generated by the model in previous conversations and used this feedback to create reward models. 
3. Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO): Lastly, the model was further fine-tuned on using a technique called PPO over multiple iterations.

Figure 2. The learning process of ChatGPT

 

Source: OpenAI

Additionally, the language model GPT-3 has nearly 170 billion parameters and is trained on 570 GB of text, outpacing other LLMs (see Figure 3).3 Such large language models are possible thanks to AI chips’ ability for allowing higher and efficient computational skills.

Figure 3. Parameters used by different LLMs

Source: Towards Data Science

How does ChatGPT work?

ChatGPT works by using a pre-trained transformer neural network architecture to generate text. The model is trained on a large dataset of text, called the common crawl dataset, which allows it to learn the patterns and structures of human-written text. It is created to predict the next word in a sentence given the previous words.

The model includes an encoder, which takes in the input text, and a decoder, which generates the output text:

• Encoder: Converts the input text into a fixed-length vector representation, which captures the meaning of the input text. 
• Decoder: Uses this vector representation to generate the output text, one word at a time.

Top 5 use cases of ChatGPT:

1. Chatbots and virtual assistants:

• ChatGPT is used to generate human-like responses in a conversational context, making it well-suited for building chatbots and virtual assistants for customer services.
• According to Forbes, several companies such as Meta, Canva, and Shopify, are already utilizing the technology that powers ChatGPT in their customer service chatbot systems.

2. Language translation:

• ChatGPT can be fine-tuned on a specific task such as language translation, where it could be used to translate one language to another.
•  The translation skill and speed of the model is impressive.

3. Text summarization:

• ChatGPT can provide text summarization, where it could be used to automatically summarize long documents or articles. 

4. Content generation:

• ChatGPT can be used to generate new text based on patterns and relationships it has learned from the data it was trained on. 
• This can be useful in applications such as Content creation like new articles or blog posts.

• Creative writing like stories or poems,Recipe formation and Homework preparation, etc.

5. Code debugging:

•  ChatGPT can be used for code debugging in a few different ways: 
• Generating code suggestions or fix code errors by providing context about the error and the desired outcome.
• Natural language explanations for code, which can help developers understand how the code works and identify bugs.Creating test cases, which can help to identify bugs and fixes it and explain the fix.

Limitations of ChatGPT:

ChatGPT is trained on a large dataset of text, which may contain biases as is the case with artificial intelligence biases. This can lead the model to generate biased responses, especially with regards to sensitive topics such as gender, race, and sexuality.

Despite taking steps to prevent the model from responding to inappropriate requests, it may still sometimes produce harmful responses. For this, they are leaning on human feedback to improve the model.

" To collect user feedback, it allows users to assess the responses."

 

Get the target answer from ChatGPT with simple tricks:

1. Outdated knowledge database:

Since the model is trained on a specific dataset that only goes up until 2021, it is only able to provide information and respond to queries based on what it has learned from that dataset. If the dataset is out of date, the model’s responses may not be accurate or relevant to the current time. 

2. Network and capacity error:

ChatGPT network error is commonly encountered when the AI is generating long texts, where the chatbot takes more than 60 seconds to return an answer. Also, due to high demand, it occasionally turns out of capacity for some users.

3. Overuse of certain phrases:

The ChatGPT model is known to generate excessive and repetitive responses, including repeatedly stating that it is a language model trained by OpenAI. This is caused by bias in the training data, as declared by OpenAI.

4. Occasional incorrect answers:

ChatGPT occasionally may generate reasonable-sounding yet incorrect or nonsensical answers. For example, to a user’s question about the UK government e-petitions, ChatGPT responds incorrectly.

OpenAI recognizes this limitation of ChatGPT to answer correctly and states that fixing this is not easy due to the training method of the chatbot.

Impact of OpenAI ChatGPT in Education:

For academics in the Rochester University, ChatGPT and other similar AI tools are in the “yellow” category of higher education online educational tools, meaning students should be careful while using them.OpenAI states that they are working on reducing such risks by developing a watermarking method to detect the outputs of the bot. 

The fact that ChatGPT is changing the traditional learning process and forcing everyone to rethink and remodel education besides other generative AI technologies. In this article, we gathered ChatGPT education use cases for teachers and students, and also explained its benefits and challenges to education.

ChatGPT Education Use Cases For Teachers:

1- Content creation:

ChatGPT is a valuable tool to teach students effectively and engagingly. It can help teachers generate ideas for lesson plans, activities, and projects that align with specific learning objectives and curricular standards. 

Also, teachers can use ChatGPT to create and curate educational materials, such as presentations, worksheets, quizzes, and other resources tailored to their students’ needs

(Figure 4).

2- Grammar and writing check:

Another use case of ChatGPT for teachers involves leveraging the AI’s natural language understanding capabilities to assist in evaluating and improving the quality of written work. 

This can be applied in various ways:

• Proofreading and editing: Teachers can use ChatGPT to quickly review and correct spelling, grammar, punctuation, and syntax errors in their own written materials, such as lesson plans, handouts, or email communications.
• Providing feedback to students: ChatGPT can assist teachers in reviewing student essays, reports, or other written assignments, identifying areas that need improvement and providing specific feedback on grammar, sentence structure, and word choice.
• Teaching writing skills: Teachers can use ChatGPT to generate examples and explanations of grammar rules, punctuation usage, and other writing conventions, helping students improve their writing skills.

3- Grading:

ChatGPT can assist teachers in reviewing and grading student essays by analyzing the content, structure, and coherence of the writing. The AI can provide feedback on grammar, spelling, punctuation, and syntax, as well as assess the quality of the argument or analysis presented. However, it is important to not rely merely on ChatGPT while grading. Rather, teachers can use ChatGPT for determining the rubric for grading.

4- Designing syllabus outline:

• Teachers can incorporate ChatGPT by leveraging the AI’s capabilities to help create, organize, and structure course content in a coherent and effective manner (Figure 5). ChatGPT can help in:
• Preparing course objectives and goals,Topic generation,Lesson planning and Identifying and curating relevant resources and materials for the course.

Figure 5.ChatGPT creates a course design on Machine Learning

ChatGPT Education Use Cases For Students:

5- Help with homework:

Answering questions: Students can ask ChatGPT questions about specific topics or concepts they are struggling with, and the AI can provide explanations, examples, or resources to help clarify their understanding (Figure 6).

• Problem-solving: ChatGPT can increase the problem solving skills of students by guiding them through the steps of solving problems in subjects like mathematics, physics, or chemistry, helping them understand the underlying concepts and methods.
• Concept reinforcement: ChatGPT can provide additional examples, analogies, and explanations to reinforce students’ understanding of complex concepts or topics they are studying.
• Improving writing skills: Students can use ChatGPT to get suggestions for improving their essays, reports, or other written assignments, including feedback on grammar, sentence structure, word choice, etc. They can use the tool to write essays, craft the first draft of their written assignments, which can save time to improve the fine details and overall quality of the work.

Figure 6. ChatGPT explains some key concepts for a high school student

6- Research:

• ChatGPT can support and streamline the research process for various academic projects, assignments, or personal interests (Figure 7). 
• It can facilitate many steps in a research process such as listed below.
• Topic selection, Background information about the topic, Identifying relevant resources, Organizing research and Citation assistance.

Figure 7. ChatGPT provides creative ideas for a term project

7- Language learning:

ChatGPT can be a valuable tool for language learning, offering translations, grammar explanations, vocabulary practice, and conversation simulations to help students practice and improve their language skills. Also, it can help students to schedule a program for improving their language skills (Figure 8).

Benefits of ChatGPT for Education:

1. Speed:

• Artificial intelligence tools like ChatGPT can process and generate information quickly, which can save time and increase efficiency for both teachers and students. 
• It creates a valuable time for students to focus on other tasks by allowing the automation of instant feedback and quick access to information.
• By assisting with tasks like grading, lesson planning and content creation.
• ChatGPT can save time for teachers, allowing them to focus more on direct instruction and student support.

2. Availability:

ChatGPT provides a readily available source of information and guidance, making it easier for students and teachers to access support when needed, regardless of time or location.

3. Personalized learning:

ChatGPT can help create tailored learning experiences for students based on their individual needs, interests, and skill levels, allowing for more targeted instruction and improved learning outcomes.

Challenges of ChatGPT for Education:

                 Although the chatbot has many capabilities, it also has some limitations and challenges. The video below shows how ChatGPT can fail in some educational tasks. Here are some other potential challenges of ChatGPT for education.

1. Accuracy and reliability problems:

ChatGPT may sometimes provide inaccurate or incomplete information, which could lead to misunderstandings or confusion for students and teachers.

2. Possible biases:

AI technologies like ChatGPT can inherit biases from the data they are trained on, which may result in biased or unrepresentative content generation that could impact teaching and learning negatively.

3. Risk of decrease in original and critical thinking skills:

The convenience and speed of ChatGPT might lead to an over-reliance on AI-generated content and reduce critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity in the educational process.